Intercropping patterns and different farming systems affect. Comparative analysis of maizesoybean strip intercropping. Intercropping is widely practiced by cassava growers in africa, but is less frequent in the more commercially oriented production systems of latin america and asia. In phenomenological research comparing disease in monocrops and intercrops, primarily due to foliar fungi, intercropping reduced disease in 73% of more than 200 studies. Multiple cropping in agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. Sequential systems are most common where the growing season is long, and intercropping systems are most popular where labor is readily available and inexpensive. Pdf a general overview on intercropping and its advantages. Mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field. Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crop species, has been used throughout history and remains common among farmers of small landholdings in the tropics. Intercropping persisted in agrarian societies after being rejected by the western world with the advent of highly mechanized farming.
Multispecies systems are diverse and may include annual and perennial crops on a gradient of complexity from 2 to n species. Okigbo and greenland 1976 estimate that 80% of the cultivated area of semiarid west africa is intercropped. The most important mineral element needed by plants is nitrogen, which legumes can help to provide. Intercropping and crop rotation are alternative strategies applied in multiple cropping, the growing of two or more crops in the same piece of. Top 12 types of cropping system your article library.
In addition to cash crops, cover crops are also sometimes used in intercropping. Intercropping systems in sustainable agriculture frontiers. Example planting alternating strips of maize, soybean and finger millet. Intercropping patterns and different farming systems. Monocropping is when the field is used to grow only one crop. Intercrops can be more productive than growing pure stands. Agronomy and cropping systems 95 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 plant density ha. Maize and pigeonpea intercropping systems in mpumalanga. Aikens research goal is to contribute knowledge of factors regulating the crop transpiration fraction of the annual water budget and the transpiration efficiency of yield formation for waterlimited cropping systems. One benefit of this practice may be disease control.
Pushpull cropping, this is a mixture of trap cropping and repellant intercropping. Multiple cropping is not a new form of agricultural. Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a. Intercropping gives additional yield incomeunit area than sole cropping. Intercropping systems reduced the values of yield attributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernelsrow, grainscob and grain. Guidelines for intercropping sustainable agriculture. Cropping systems northwest researchextension center. Vine crops are excellent for intercropping with corn because they fill the space between rows but are not competitive with the corn for nutrients. This practice is ancient, as numerous records from human societies.
In india, pigeonpea is generally intercropped with cereals, other legumes, cotton gossypium sp, and castor ricinus communis saxena 1999. The space between rows of corn, for example, is essentially wasted space that could. This analysis will help to promote mechanizedbased maizesoybean strip intercropping system as. Multiple cropping has been practiced in many parts of the world. Alley cropping hedgerow intercropping agroforestry. Floral resources intercropping with insectary plants also called companion plants.
Example planting wheat year after year in the same field. Row cropping is popular because it also uses space that would otherwise remain wasted. Abstract the traditional practice of mixed cropping has gained popularity in recent years in the. Okigbo and greenland 1976 estimate that 80% of the cultivated. One of the important methods of intensive cropping, allowing the stubbles of the original crop to strike again after harvesting and to raise another crop. Systems are often referred to in distinguishi ng one type of multiple cropping from another. Early research focused on supplying nitrogen with legume intercropping plants, but now a. Intercrops provide shade and support to the other crop.
Several experimental studies have investigated the potential beneficial effect of intercropping on cassava virus control in africa. However, there are numerous other potential tree, shrub and crop combinations. Feb 10, 2000 intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage natures principle of diversity on their farms. Effect of planting density and growth habit on production of commercial cassava roots. Cereallegume intercropping increases dry matter production and grain yield more than their monocultures.
The degree of spatial and temporal overlap in the two crops can vary somewhat, but both requirements must be met for a cropping system to be an intercrop. Intercropping includes the growing of two or more cash crops together. Maizelablab intercropping is promising in supporting the sustainable intensification of smallholder cropping systems under high climate risk in southern africa. Intercropping is preferred to sole cropping as a result of superior yield due to better absorption of resources, and.
Jan 24, 2017 row cropping is popular because it also uses space that would otherwise remain wasted. System is defined as a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a. Stir cropping involves planting broad strips of several crops in the field. Growing legumes in cereal cropping systems is a way to improve and sustain soil fertility and crop yields. Nitrogen transfer from legume to cereal increases the cropping system s. Mixed cropping, companion planting, relay cropping, interseeding, overseeding, underseeding, smother cropping, planting polycultures, and using living mulch are all forms of intercropping see glossary at the end of this chapter. Intercropping is an agricultural practice in which two or more crops are grown together in the same field. Planting both the main crop and the intercrop in rows. Maizelablab intercropping is promising in supporting the. Inter cropping system utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased reddy and redid. Intercropping can be defined as a multiple cropping system that two or more crops planted in a field during a growing season. Cropping system the cropping patterns used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, and available. An attractant crop attracts the pest and a repellant crop is also used to repel the pest away.
In many areas of the world, intercropping still dominates the cropping systems. Research needs to be directed to test these alternatives. Conventional farming and monocropping systems in addition to depletion the natural resource, is caused environmental pollution. Oct 18, 2018 inter cropping gives additional yield incomeunit area than sole cropping. Apr 15, 2020 intercropping is an agricultural practice in which two or more crops are grown together in the same field. This is particularly true of specific plant species. The nwrec crops program maintains longterm cropping system studies to evaluate cropping intensit. The results from this study have shown that intercropping pattern has a great potential in reducing weed infestation in cropping systems especially in farming system with low external input. Under multiyear drought conditions, wheatfallow one crop in two years and wheatgrain sorghumfallow two crops in three years cropping systems maintained land. The practice of intercropping has actually been around since farming began. Plant spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates must be considered when planning intercrops.
The space between rows of corn, for example, is essentially wasted space that could be used for intercropping. Why some farmers try something different intercropping is defined simply as growing two or more crop types on one field. Kumar and amitesh kumar singh institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi. Intercropping competition between apple trees and crops in. Cropping pattern which involve the raising of crops, animals and or trees.
Harvesting options for intercrops include hand harvest. This practice has regained attention worldwide, particularly in the tropics due to its beneficial effects on soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Growing legumes in cereal cropping systems is a way to improve and sustain soil fertility and crop. Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm. This analysis will help to promote mechanizedbased maizesoybean strip intercropping system as a highe. As intercropping is an important aspect of smallholderfarmer crop production systems, a study was initiated to evaluate the performance of p igeonpea. When fertilizer n is limited, biological nitrogen fixation bnf is the major source of n in legumecereal mixed cropping systems. Intercropping involves cultivating two or more crops in a field simultaneously.
The results from this study have shown that intercropping pattern has a great potential in reducing weed infestation in cropping systems especially in farming system with low external. This practice is ancient, as numerous records from human societies all over the world indicate. Intercropping systems reduced the values of yield attributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernelsrow, grainscob and grain yield. Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legumecereal. Currently most of the emphasis and research focuses on pecan, chestnut and eastern black walnut alley cropping applications. Cropping systems in vegetables linkedin slideshare. The rows make weeding and harvesting easier than with mixed intercropping. The importance of legumes in cereal cropping systems author. For example, in the maize crop system, maize is the dominant crop which is grown in association with other crops. Mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises and available technology, which determine their make up. Multiple cropping is not a new form of agricultural technology, but instead is an ancient means of intensive farming. Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is an agroforestry practice in which perennial, usually leguminous trees or shrubs are grown simultaneously with an arable crop.
However, the use of land equivalent ratio ler as a measure for calculating the cropping advantage of intercrops over sole crops is too simple. Intercropping is an allencompassing term for the practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. Intercropping can be defined as a multiple cropping system. Nov 14, 2017 multiple cropping in agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. Bedoussac and others published grain legumecereal intercropping systems find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Multiple cropping an overview sciencedirect topics.
Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops. It helps to avoid intercrop competition and thus a higher number of crop plants are grown per unit area. Mechanical operations in mechanizedbased maizesoybean intercropping systems of. Modernization of farming equipment has changed our farming practices into what they are today, which is largely monocropping. The soil n use patterns of component crops depend on the n source and legume species. Nov 17, 2019 mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. Row intercropping, for instance, means growing a second vegetable type in between rows, while mixed intercropping means growing several types together without a standard arrangement. Sequential cropping growing one crop after another in the same year and intercropping are types of multiple cropping and include numerous different systems. Productivity and profitability of maize based intercropping. This work was carried on intercropping maizecommonbean under field conditions in setif region of algeria. Floral resources intercropping with insectary plants also called companion plants can be used to enhance the activity of predators and parasitoids by providing them with habitat and food sources such as nectar, pollen, and alternate hosts or prey. Kumar and amitesh kumar singh institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi 221 005, india.
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